Data ethics in training large language models: A systematic review of machine-learning strategies and AI governance frameworks.

@article{aldehim-2026-data, author = {Ghadah Aldehim and Syed Faisal Abbas Shah and Muhammad Amir Khan and Tehseen Mazhar and Wasim Ahmad and Abdul Khader Jilani Saudagar and Mohammad Shahid and Habib Hamam}, title = {{Data ethics in training large language models: A systematic review of machine-learning strategies and AI governance frameworks}}, journal = {Information Processing and Management}, volume = {63}, number = {7}, pages = {104844}, year = {2026}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/J.IPM.2026.104844}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/J.IPM.2026.104844} }